抽象工厂模式

from __future__ import annotations
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod


class AbstractFactory(ABC):
    """
    The Abstract Factory interface declares a set of methods that return
    different abstract products. These products are called a family and are
    related by a high-level theme or concept. Products of one family are usually
    able to collaborate among themselves. A family of products may have several
    variants, but the products of one variant are incompatible with products of
    another.
    """
    @abstractmethod
    def create_product_a(self) -> AbstractProductA:
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def create_product_b(self) -> AbstractProductB:
        pass


class ConcreteFactory1(AbstractFactory):
    """
    Concrete Factories produce a family of products that belong to a single
    variant. The factory guarantees that resulting products are compatible. Note
    that signatures of the Concrete Factory's methods return an abstract
    product, while inside the method a concrete product is instantiated.
    """

    def create_product_a(self) -> ConcreteProductA1:
        return ConcreteProductA1()

    def create_product_b(self) -> ConcreteProductB1:
        return ConcreteProductB1()


class ConcreteFactory2(AbstractFactory):
    """
    Each Concrete Factory has a corresponding product variant.
    """

    def create_product_a(self) -> ConcreteProductA2:
        return ConcreteProductA2()

    def create_product_b(self) -> ConcreteProductB2:
        return ConcreteProductB2()


class AbstractProductA(ABC):
    """
    Each distinct product of a product family should have a base interface. All
    variants of the product must implement this interface.
    """

    @abstractmethod
    def useful_function_a(self) -> str:
        pass


"""
Concrete Products are created by corresponding Concrete Factories.
"""


class ConcreteProductA1(AbstractProductA):
    def useful_function_a(self) -> str:
        return "The result of the product A1."


class ConcreteProductA2(AbstractProductA):
    def useful_function_a(self) -> str:
        return "The result of the product A2."


class AbstractProductB(ABC):
    """
    Here's the the base interface of another product. All products can interact
    with each other, but proper interaction is possible only between products of
    the same concrete variant.
    """
    @abstractmethod
    def useful_function_b(self) -> None:
        """
        Product B is able to do its own thing...
        """
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def another_useful_function_b(self, collaborator: AbstractProductA) -> None:
        """
        ...but it also can collaborate with the ProductA.

        The Abstract Factory makes sure that all products it creates are of the
        same variant and thus, compatible.
        """
        pass


"""
Concrete Products are created by corresponding Concrete Factories.
"""


class ConcreteProductB1(AbstractProductB):
    def useful_function_b(self) -> str:
        return "The result of the product B1."

    """
    The variant, Product B1, is only able to work correctly with the variant,
    Product A1. Nevertheless, it accepts any instance of AbstractProductA as an
    argument.
    """

    def another_useful_function_b(self, collaborator: AbstractProductA) -> str:
        result = collaborator.useful_function_a()
        return f"The result of the B1 collaborating with the ({result})"


class ConcreteProductB2(AbstractProductB):
    def useful_function_b(self) -> str:
        return "The result of the product B2."

    def another_useful_function_b(self, collaborator: AbstractProductA):
        """
        The variant, Product B2, is only able to work correctly with the
        variant, Product A2. Nevertheless, it accepts any instance of
        AbstractProductA as an argument.
        """
        result = collaborator.useful_function_a()
        return f"The result of the B2 collaborating with the ({result})"


def client_code(factory: AbstractFactory) -> None:
    """
    The client code works with factories and products only through abstract
    types: AbstractFactory and AbstractProduct. This lets you pass any factory
    or product subclass to the client code without breaking it.
    """
    product_a = factory.create_product_a()
    product_b = factory.create_product_b()

    print(f"{product_b.useful_function_b()}")
    print(f"{product_b.another_useful_function_b(product_a)}", end="")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    """
    The client code can work with any concrete factory class.
    """
    print("Client: Testing client code with the first factory type:")
    client_code(ConcreteFactory1())

    print("\n")

    print("Client: Testing the same client code with the second factory type:")
    client_code(ConcreteFactory2())

Client: Testing client code with the first factory type:
The result of the product B1.
The result of the B1 collaborating with the (The result of the product A1.)

Client: Testing the same client code with the second factory type:
The result of the product B2.
The result of the B2 collaborating with the (The result of the product A2.)

// 抽象工厂接口声明了一组能返回不同抽象产品的方法。这些产品属于同一个系列
// 且在高层主题或概念上具有相关性。同系列的产品通常能相互搭配使用。系列产
// 品可有多个变体，但不同变体的产品不能搭配使用。
interface GUIFactory is
    method createButton():Button
    method createCheckbox():Checkbox


// 具体工厂可生成属于同一变体的系列产品。工厂会确保其创建的产品能相互搭配
// 使用。具体工厂方法签名会返回一个抽象产品，但在方法内部则会对具体产品进
// 行实例化。
class WinFactory implements GUIFactory is
    method createButton():Button is
        return new WinButton()
    method createCheckbox():Checkbox is
        return new WinCheckbox()

// 每个具体工厂中都会包含一个相应的产品变体。
class MacFactory implements GUIFactory is
    method createButton():Button is
        return new MacButton()
    method createCheckbox():Checkbox is
        return new MacCheckbox()


// 系列产品中的特定产品必须有一个基础接口。所有产品变体都必须实现这个接口。
interface Button is
    method paint()

// 具体产品由相应的具体工厂创建。
class WinButton implements Button is
    method paint() is
        // 根据 Windows 样式渲染按钮。

class MacButton implements Button is
    method paint() is
        // 根据 macOS 样式渲染按钮

// 这是另一个产品的基础接口。所有产品都可以互动，但是只有相同具体变体的产
// 品之间才能够正确地进行交互。
interface Checkbox is
    method paint()

class WinCheckbox implements Checkbox is
    method paint() is
        // 根据 macOS 样式渲染复选框。

class MacCheckbox implements Checkbox is
    method paint() is
        // 根据 macOS 样式渲染复选框。

// 客户端代码仅通过抽象类型（GUIFactory、Button 和 Checkbox）使用工厂
// 和产品。这让你无需修改任何工厂或产品子类就能将其传递给客户端代码。
class Application is
    private field factory: GUIFactory
    private field button: Button
    constructor Application(factory: GUIFactory) is
        this.factory = factory
    method createUI() is
        this.button = factory.createButton()
    method paint() is
        button.paint()


// 程序会根据当前配置或环境设定选择工厂类型，并在运行时创建工厂（通常在初
// 始化阶段）。
class ApplicationConfigurator is
    method main() is
        config = readApplicationConfigFile()

        if (config.OS == "Windows") then
            factory = new WinFactory()
        else if (config.OS == "Mac") then
            factory = new MacFactory()
        else
            throw new Exception("错误！未知的操作系统。")

        Application app = new Application(factory)