组合模式

from __future__ import annotations
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from typing import List


class Component(ABC):
    """
    The base Component class declares common operations for both simple and
    complex objects of a composition.
    """

    @property
    def parent(self) -> Component:
        return self._parent

    @parent.setter
    def parent(self, parent: Component):
        """
        Optionally, the base Component can declare an interface for setting and
        accessing a parent of the component in a tree structure. It can also
        provide some default implementation for these methods.
        """

        self._parent = parent

    """
    In some cases, it would be beneficial to define the child-management
    operations right in the base Component class. This way, you won't need to
    expose any concrete component classes to the client code, even during the
    object tree assembly. The downside is that these methods will be empty for
    the leaf-level components.
    """

    def add(self, component: Component) -> None:
        pass

    def remove(self, component: Component) -> None:
        pass

    def is_composite(self) -> bool:
        """
        You can provide a method that lets the client code figure out whether a
        component can bear children.
        """

        return False

    @abstractmethod
    def operation(self) -> str:
        """
        The base Component may implement some default behavior or leave it to
        concrete classes (by declaring the method containing the behavior as
        "abstract").
        """

        pass


class Leaf(Component):
    """
    The Leaf class represents the end objects of a composition. A leaf can't
    have any children.

    Usually, it's the Leaf objects that do the actual work, whereas Composite
    objects only delegate to their sub-components.
    """

    def operation(self) -> str:
        return "Leaf"


class Composite(Component):
    """
    The Composite class represents the complex components that may have
    children. Usually, the Composite objects delegate the actual work to their
    children and then "sum-up" the result.
    """

    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self._children: List[Component] = []

    """
    A composite object can add or remove other components (both simple or
    complex) to or from its child list.
    """

    def add(self, component: Component) -> None:
        self._children.append(component)
        component.parent = self

    def remove(self, component: Component) -> None:
        self._children.remove(component)
        component.parent = None

    def is_composite(self) -> bool:
        return True

    def operation(self) -> str:
        """
        The Composite executes its primary logic in a particular way. It
        traverses recursively through all its children, collecting and summing
        their results. Since the composite's children pass these calls to their
        children and so forth, the whole object tree is traversed as a result.
        """

        results = []
        for child in self._children:
            results.append(child.operation())
        return f"Branch({'+'.join(results)})"


def client_code(component: Component) -> None:
    """
    The client code works with all of the components via the base interface.
    """

    print(f"RESULT: {component.operation()}", end="")


def client_code2(component1: Component, component2: Component) -> None:
    """
    Thanks to the fact that the child-management operations are declared in the
    base Component class, the client code can work with any component, simple or
    complex, without depending on their concrete classes.
    """

    if component1.is_composite():
        component1.add(component2)

    print(f"RESULT: {component1.operation()}", end="")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # This way the client code can support the simple leaf components...
    simple = Leaf()
    print("Client: I've got a simple component:")
    client_code(simple)
    print("\n")

    # ...as well as the complex composites.
    tree = Composite()

    branch1 = Composite()
    branch1.add(Leaf())
    branch1.add(Leaf())

    branch2 = Composite()
    branch2.add(Leaf())

    tree.add(branch1)
    tree.add(branch2)

    print("Client: Now I've got a composite tree:")
    client_code(tree)
    print("\n")

    print("Client: I don't need to check the components classes even when managing the tree:")
    client_code2(tree, simple)

Client: I've got a simple component:
RESULT: Leaf

Client: Now I've got a composite tree:
RESULT: Branch(Branch(Leaf+Leaf)+Branch(Leaf))

Client: I don't need to check the components classes even when managing the tree:
RESULT: Branch(Branch(Leaf+Leaf)+Branch(Leaf)+Leaf)

// 组件接口会声明组合中简单和复杂对象的通用操作。
interface Graphic is
    method move(x, y)
    method draw()

// 叶节点类代表组合的终端对象。叶节点对象中不能包含任何子对象。叶节点对象
// 通常会完成实际的工作，组合对象则仅会将工作委派给自己的子部件。
class Dot implements Graphic is
    field x, y

    constructor Dot(x, y) { ... }

    method move(x, y) is
        this.x += x, this.y += y

    method draw() is
        // 在坐标位置(X,Y)处绘制一个点。

// 所有组件类都可以扩展其他组件。
class Circle extends Dot is
    field radius

    constructor Circle(x, y, radius) { ... }

    method draw() is
        // 在坐标位置(X,Y)处绘制一个半径为 R 的圆。

// 组合类表示可能包含子项目的复杂组件。组合对象通常会将实际工作委派给子项
// 目，然后“汇总”结果。
class CompoundGraphic implements Graphic is
    field children: array of Graphic

    // 组合对象可在其项目列表中添加或移除其他组件（简单的或复杂的皆可）。
    method add(child: Graphic) is
        // 在子项目数组中添加一个子项目。

    method remove(child: Graphic) is
        // 从子项目数组中移除一个子项目。

    method move(x, y) is
        foreach (child in children) do
            child.move(x, y)

    // 组合会以特定的方式执行其主要逻辑。它会递归遍历所有子项目，并收集和
    // 汇总其结果。由于组合的子项目也会将调用传递给自己的子项目，以此类推，
    // 最后组合将会完成整个对象树的遍历工作。
    method draw() is
        // 1. 对于每个子部件：
        //     - 绘制该部件。
        //     - 更新边框坐标。
        // 2. 根据边框坐标绘制一个虚线长方形。


// 客户端代码会通过基础接口与所有组件进行交互。这样一来，客户端代码便可同
// 时支持简单叶节点组件和复杂组件。
class ImageEditor is
    field all: array of Graphic

    method load() is
        all = new CompoundGraphic()
        all.add(new Dot(1, 2))
        all.add(new Circle(5, 3, 10))
        // ...

    // 将所需组件组合为复杂的组合组件。
    method groupSelected(components: array of Graphic) is
        group = new CompoundGraphic()
        foreach (component in components) do
            group.add(component)
            all.remove(component)
        all.add(group)
        // 所有组件都将被绘制。
        all.draw()